The Condor Galaxy
NGC 6872 & IC 4970
Processed by Nicolas Rolland, Paris. 25 hours gathered by Martin Pugh at El Sauce Observatory, Rio Hurtado, Chile.
This galaxy is more than five times the width of the Milky Way, and it owes that size to the small one sitting just below it.
Half a million light-years across
NGC 6872 lies about 212 million light-years away in Pavo and measures over 522,000 light-years from one arm tip to the other, which makes it one of the largest spiral galaxies known. It is around five billion years old. John Herschel found it on 27 June 1835. The two arms that give it its span are drawn out rather than wound: they are the shape a galaxy takes when something passes close enough to pull at it.
IC 4970, a twelfth of the size
The lenticular galaxy just below the core is less than a twelfth as large, and it is the reason for everything above. In ultraviolet and mid-infrared the centre of NGC 6872 shows old stars and very little star formation, while the rate climbs steadily outward along the arms. The extended parts of both arms carry young clusters between one and a hundred million years old — the encounter did not disturb the core, it lit the edges.
What sits at the end of the northeastern arm
A bright ultraviolet source was found at the tip of the northeastern arm, roughly 290,000 light-years out from the nucleus. It may be a tidal dwarf galaxy: a small galaxy assembled from material pulled out of a larger one. Its stars are under 200 million years old, which matches the timing of the collision. If that reading holds, this field contains a galaxy being taken apart and another being built from the pieces.
Twenty-five hours from Rio Hurtado
The CDK17 was working at f/6.8 with an adaptive optics unit ahead of the sensor, holding the star image still between guide corrections — which is what it takes to keep an arm this faint from smearing into the background. Twenty-five hours went to the field in September 2020: seven in luminance, fifteen split across red, green and blue, three in Ha. The luminance carries the arms out to their full span. The Ha places the star-forming regions along them without resolving what they are made of, and the ultraviolet source at the arm's tip stays out of reach entirely — it was found at a wavelength this filter set does not see. What the image shows is the arm; what is sitting at the end of it belongs to another instrument. Martin Pugh gathered the data at El Sauce.
TECHNICAL DATA
ACQUISITION DETAILS
OPTICS Planewave CDK17 @ F/6.8
CAMERA SBIG STXL-11002 (AOX)
MOUNT Paramount ME
FILTERS Ha, L, R, G, B
LOCATION El Sauce Observatory, Rio Hurtado, Chile
DATE September 2020
EXPOSURES 25 hours (L 21 x 1200 sec, R 15 x 1200 sec, G 15 x 1200 sec, B 15 x 1200 sec, Ha 6 x 1800s)
PROCESSING SOFTWARE Pixinsight, CCDstack, Photoshop
COPYRIGHTS Nicolas Rolland & Martin Pugh

TARGET DETAILS
RA 20h 17m 42.8s
DEC -70° 46' 49.4"
SIZE 19.8 x 13.4 arcmin
ORIENTATION Up is 182 degrees E of N
CONSTELLATION Pavo
DISTANCE 210 million ly
MAGNITUDE 11.6
