Cometary Globule
CG 12 & NGC 5367

Processed by Nicolas Rolland, Paris. 23 hours gathered by Martin Pugh at El Sauce Observatory, Rio Hurtado, Chile.
This cloud is shaped like a comet and has nothing to do with one. The shape is the record of something that pushed it.
A blue nebula and the pair that lights it
NGC 5367 is a reflection nebula in Centaurus, wrapped around the head of the cometary globule CG 12. Its colour comes from a single binary system at its centre, h4636 — two blue stars of spectral types B4 and B8, whose light the surrounding dust scatters. Nothing here is emitting; the nebula is only returning what those two stars send into it.
What a cometary globule is
Cometary globules have nothing in common with comets except an outline: a dark, dusty head and a long, faint tail. They are cold clouds of gas and dust, and the shape is not their own. Two explanations compete. Either they began as roughly spherical clouds and were deformed by the energy of a nearby supernova, or they were sculpted by the winds and radiation of massive hot stars in the neighbourhood. Both amount to the same thing: the tail points away from whatever did it.
The one that should not be there
CG 12 is the odd member of its class. Most cometary globules sit low in the galactic plane, close to the OB associations whose radiation shapes them. This one is well above the plane, far from any obvious source of the pressure that would have given it this form — and it is forming stars, which globules at that height are not supposed to be doing. The 1976 catalogue that first identified this class of object is where CG 12 enters the record; the nebula itself had been listed for much longer.
Twenty-three hours, and no filter that helps
The CDK17 was working at f/6.8 with adaptive optics ahead of the sensor, from Rio Hurtado in August 2020. Twenty-three hours across luminance, red, green and blue, in twenty-minute frames — no narrowband, and none would have helped. A reflection nebula carries no emission line to isolate it with; it scatters the same broad spectrum as the sky it competes against, so depth is the only lever there is. Seven and a half hours of luminance is what separates the bright head from the background. The tail is the harder part: it fades outward across a field of 39 by 26 arcminutes, and where it stops in this image is where twenty-three hours stops, not where the cloud does. Martin Pugh gathered the data at El Sauce.
TECHNICAL DATA
ACQUISITION DETAILS
OPTICS Planewave CDK17 @ F/6.8
CAMERA SBIG STXL-11002 (AOX)
MOUNT Paramount ME
FILTERS L, R, G, B
LOCATION El Sauce Observatory, Rio Hurtado, Chile
DATE August 2020
EXPOSURES 23 hours (L 23 x 1200 sec, R 15 x 1200 sec, G 15 x 1200 sec, B 16 x 1200 sec)
PROCESSING SOFTWARE Pixinsight, CCDstack, Photoshop
COPYRIGHTS Nicolas Rolland & Martin Pugh

TARGET DETAILS
RA 13h 57m 38.6s
DEC -39° 59' 56.4"
SIZE 39.1 x 26.4 arcmin
ORIENTATION Up is 96.7 degrees E of N
CONSTELLATION Centaurus