STAR CLUSTER
The Coma Star Cluster
— MELOTTE 111 —

Processed by Nicolas Rolland, Paris. 5 hours gathered by Deep Sky West at Rowe Mesa, New Mexico, USA.
The Coma Star Cluster in Coma Berenices, catalogued as Melotte 111, is a large open cluster and one of the closest to us. Ptolemy recorded it around AD 138, which makes it one of the oldest astronomical objects still known by a catalogue number rather than a name.
Too obvious to be catalogued
Conspicuous as it is, the cluster appears in neither the Messier nor the NGC catalogues. Both were built to list objects that could be mistaken for comets, and this one is far too large and too loose to be mistaken for anything. P. J. Melotte included it in his 1915 catalogue as number 111, and its true nature as an open cluster was only proven in 1938, when R. J. Trumpler identified 37 stars as genuine members.
Forty stars moving together
The cluster is scattered across 4.5 degrees and contains about 40 stars between magnitude 4.35 and 10.5, identified as members by their common proper motion — they are a cluster because they move together, not because they look grouped. No fainter members have been found. It is neither approaching us nor receding: it moves tangentially, at 0.02 arcseconds per year.
Two hundred and eighty-eight light-years
The distance was refined by the Hipparcos satellite and now stands at 288 light-years, which makes this one of the three nearest open clusters — only the Ursa Major Cluster and the Hyades are closer. The cluster is 400 million years old and its hottest member is spectral type A0. Being this close is exactly what makes it difficult to photograph: proximity is what spreads it across 4.5 degrees in the first place.
Five hours, and a camera lens
The cluster is 4.5 degrees across, and that single number decides everything about how it has to be photographed. No telescope frames 4.5 degrees. So this one was shot with a Rokinon 135 mm at f/2 on a QSI 583 at Deep Sky West, Rowe Mesa, New Mexico — a camera lens rather than a telescope, chosen for the field and not because it was what stood there. It covers 7.61 by 5.68 degrees, which leaves the cluster room on all sides, and that margin is the whole point: a cluster this loose only reads as a cluster when you can see where it stops. Five hours were enough at f/2. This image is not after depth, it is after field.