NEBULAE
The Blue Heart of Rho Ophiuchi
— IC 4604 —

Processed by Nicolas Rolland, Paris. 2.25 hours gathered by Martin Pugh at Heaven's Mirror Observatory, Yass, Australia.
Two and a quarter hours went into this frame. It was a camera test, and it caught the brightest part of the complex.
Reflection, not emission
IC 4604 is the blue nebulosity around Rho Ophiuchi, a multiple star system in the southwestern corner of Ophiuchus. The colour is not gas glowing — it is dust scattering the light of the stars inside it, which is why it comes out blue: fine grains scatter short wavelengths more efficiently, the same reason the daytime sky is the colour it is.
Four hundred and sixty light-years
The complex is one of the nearest star-forming regions to the Sun. Parallax measurements of young stars inside it, made with radio interferometry and confirmed by Gaia, place it at about 140 parsecs — some 460 light-years. Earlier figures ran from 390 to 540, and the difference matters: at this distance the cloud is close enough that its near and far edges are measurably apart.
What started it
This frame came out of a test of a new sensor on a Takahashi FSQ106 at f/5, in July 2020. Forty-five minutes per colour filter, nothing else — no luminance channel at all. What that buys is the bright core: IC 4604 is one of the strongest reflection nebulae in the sky, and forty-five minutes reaches it easily. What it does not buy is anything faint. The dust that fills the rest of the complex needs hours per channel, and it is simply not in these frames. The field runs 3.8 by 2.5 degrees, the tightest of the three views on this site. Martin Pugh gathered the data at Heaven's Mirror.
Sixty-three hours, and a luminance that is not one
This frame came out of a test of a new sensor on a Takahashi FSQ106 at f/5, in July 2020. Forty-five minutes per colour filter, nothing else — no luminance channel at all. What that buys is the bright core: IC 4604 is one of the strongest reflection nebulae in the sky, and forty-five minutes reaches it easily. What it does not buy is anything faint. The dust that fills the rest of the complex needs hours per channel, and it is simply not in these frames. The field runs 3.8 by 2.5 degrees, the tightest of the three views of this complex here: the others open out to five degrees and to a twenty-two-degree mosaic. Martin Pugh gathered the data at Heaven's Mirror.